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This note includes links to 17th-century commentary on the hummingbird included with the Editor’s Introduction for the digital reissue (2014) of Thomas Tryon’s The Planter’s Speech to his Neighbours & Country-Men of Pennsylvania, East & West-Jersey ... (1684) at our sister project known as Roses.

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STUDIES > the American hummingbird and European markets during the early-modern period

First Published: July 2016
Revised (substantive): 22 January 2023

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17th-century head-piece showing six boys with farm tools, by Wenceslaus Hollar

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Ornamental thistle (associated with the heraldic emblem of Scotland in the 17th century)

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